José María Velasco, The Candelabrum

(cheerful music) - [Speaker 1] We're looking at a beautiful painting of an astounding cactus by the great landscape painter, Jose Maria Velasco. And we're here in the National Museum of Art in Mexico City. - [Speaker 2] The painting that we're looking at is the famous "Candelabrum" cactus from Oaxaca. This particular Candelabrum cactus that Velasco has painted is near the town of Tecomavaca in Oaxaca state. - [Speaker 1] It fills the entire canvas, which is vertical, which is an unusual format for a landscape painting. You can see that he's carefully studied the way that the light falls on each of the branches of the cactus. - [Speaker 2] We know Velasco saw this on his travels and he became fascinated by it. And so, returned to it and did studies of the cactus to then create the painting that we're seeing here. - [Speaker 1] And yet, for all it's capturing perfectly of the light on the branches, it's also loosely painted in some areas along the tree, especially on the shady side. Those purple-ish pinks. You can feel a love of the Mexican countryside here. - [Speaker 2] Which is something that we can see throughout his paintings in the late 19th century, where there is this love of landscape as a symbol of the national identity of Mexico. - [Speaker 1] He's included a figure, so we have a sense of the enormous scale of the Candelabrum cactus, and also the smallness of man in relationship to the landscape, a sense of the age of this tree that's reached this enormous height, and the many generations of human beings that have passed while this cactus has endured. - [Speaker 2] Jose Maria Velasco, as a painter, was doing many of these different preparatory drawings, and was interested in the scientific accuracy of his paintings. As we look around the gallery here, we can see numerous examples of his studies of wildlife, of his studies of even the pre-Hispanic past. - [Speaker 1] This interest in Mexico in his own time, but also in Mexico looking back historically, archeological sites. There's a watercolor here that he did of an Aztec pot. Although the subject matter is Mexican, to me these landscapes really speak of the beauty of nature. - [Speaker 2] Endowing nature with this monumental, grandiose quality. (cheerful music)