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Square roots and real numbers (old)
An old video of Sal where he simplifies square roots in order to determine whether they represent rational or irrational numbers. Created by Sal Khan and CK-12 Foundation.
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at2:35shouldn't 2/(square root of) 6 be the other way around(14 votes)
Sal had 2*2*2*3 inside his radical. 2*2=4, 2*3=6. So you have 4*6 inside a radical. The sqrt of 4 is a rational number ( a number that can be expressed as a fraction a/b where b doesn't = 0) so we can go ahead and work with it. We remove the sqrt of four from the radical, leaving us with 2 (the sqrt of 4) times the sqrt of 6.(5 votes)
- what if i need to find the square of a negative number?(7 votes)
Poemi, you are nearly right. Imaginary isn't irrational.
Both rational and irrational numbers are real, but there are also imaginary numbers that cannot be placed on a number line. i is the square root of -1, and is imaginary. If you wanted to find the square root of -4, that would be the sqrt (2x2x-1), which is 2 sqrt (-1) or 2i.(3 votes)
Are there negative square roots??(4 votes)
Two negative numbers multiplied together are positive, so because -4^2 is equal to -4*-4, that is positive. Also, that has the same answer as 4^2, which is 16. So, when you see a question that asks "what is the square root of 25?", there are actually two answers. The first is 5, but the second is -5. By convention, though, you would most likely just write 5 as your answer.
Be careful, though, because a negative number multiplied by a positive number IS negative. So, -4^3(or to any odd power) is negative, because that is the same as -4^2 * -4. As we now know, -4^2 is positive, and of course -4 is negative, so a negative (-4) multiplied by a positive (-4^2) is equal to negative. The number being raised to a power, in this case 4, is called the "base". when squaring (or raising to any even power), whether the base is negative or positive, the answer is ALWAYS positive.(4 votes)
Does anyone know why 2√6 is irrational? He says "I am not going to explain it in this video," and I was wondering why.(3 votes)
2√6 is irrational because √6 is irrational: the product of an irrational number and a rational one (other than 0) is irrational.
So why is √6 irrational? We can prove this by contradiction.
Suppose that √6 is rational. We'll prove that this is impossible, but start by supposing it is. Any rational number can be written as a fraction a / b, with a and b integers. So if √6 is rational, we can say:
√6 = a / b
Even more: it can be written as a fraction in such a way that the fraction is irreducible. So we can assume that a / b is in its simplest form. This in turn means that a and b cannot both be even. At least one of them must be odd, otherwise we can simplify the fraction further until at some point one of them is odd.
Squaring both sides of the equation gives:
6 = a^2 / b^2
Multiply both sides by b^2:
6b^2 = a^2
The left side of this equation is obviously even: 6 is even, so any multiple of 6 is also even. Which means the right side must be even too: a^2 is even. But if the square of a number is even, then that number itself is even too. So a is even.
If a is even, we can write it as a multiple of 2:
a = 2c for some c.
Plug this into the equation above:
6b^2 = a^2 = (2c)^2 = 4c^2
Divide both sides by 2:
3b^2 = 2c^2
The right side is obviously even (a multiple of 2), so the left side must be even as well. 3 is not even, so b^2 must be even. But if the square of a number is even, then that number itself is even too. So b is even.
Hang on.
We just showed that both a and b are even. Which is impossible: we started out by saying that a / b is in its simplest form. If both a and b are even, the fraction is not in its simplest form. We have found a contradiction. Therefore, our original supposition must be wrong, and √6 cannot be rational.
√6 is irrational.
This is a variation of a well-known proof that √2 is irrational.(5 votes)
- What is the square root of 100/225(4 votes)
The square root of 100/225 is 10/15 or 2/3. We can find this by simplifying the fraction and solving the square roots of the numerator and denominator separately. Here it is:
Now, we solve:100/225 = 4/9 Simplifyingsqrt(4/9)
= sqrt(4) / sqrt(9)
= 2 / 3
= 2/3(2 votes)
May you please explain square root of 75?
Is it 5 root 3?(2 votes)- what about PI?, we can express it by 22/7. Is it irrational?(2 votes)
Pi doe not = 22/7
22/7 is only an estimate for Pi, just like 3.14 is an estimate for Pi.
You can see this if you compare the digits.
Pi is an irrational number -- a non-ending and non-repeating decimal.
Pi = 3.1415926535897932384626...
22/7 is a rational number as it is a ratio of 2 integers. This is the definition of a rational number. In decimal form, 22/7 creates a repeating decimal.
22/7 = 3.142857142857142857...
Hopefully you can see that as soon as you get to thousandths place, these numbers are no longer the same.(3 votes)
- How can we use square roots in real life?(3 votes)
It depends what you plan to do in real life, plus math is all around you so you can be doing square roots and not know you are doing it.(1 vote)
What are the properties of real numbers?(2 votes)
As far I know, there are four properties of real numbers:
Commutative - 4 +2 +3 = 3 + 2 + 4
Associative - 2 * ( 5 * 6 ) = 6 * ( 5 * 2 )
Distributive - 2 * ( 3 + 5 ) = 2 * 3 + 2 * 5
Property of 0 - 5 * 0 = 0
Hope this helps! :)(2 votes)
- I recently wrote an exam.There was a question,
"If (x*x)-(y*y)=101,and x and y are natural numbers,find the value of
(x*x)+(y*y) ?(3 votes)
2:35Video transcript
I have here a bunch of radical
expressions, or square root expressions. And what I'm going to do is
go through all of them and simplify them. And we'll talk about whether
these are rational or irrational numbers. So let's start with A. A is equal to the square
root of 25. Well that's the same thing as
the square root of 5 times 5, which is a clearly
going to be 5. We're focusing on the positive
square root here. Now let's do B. B I'll do in a different color,
for the principal root, when we say positive
square root. B, we have the square
root of 24. So what you want to do, is
you want to get the prime factorization of this
number right here. So 24, let's do its prime
factorization. This is 2 times 12. 12 is 2 times 6. 6 is 2 times 3. So the square root of 24, this
is the same thing as the square root of 2 times
2 times 2 times 3. That's the same thing as 24. Well, we see here, we have one
perfect square right there. So we could rewrite this. This is the same thing as the
square root of 2 times 2 times the square root of 2 times 3. Now this is clearly 2. This is the square root of 4. The square root of 4 is 2. And then this we can't
simplify anymore. We don't see two numbers
multiplied by itself here. So this is going to be times
the square root of 6. Or we could even right this as
the square root of 2 times the square root of 3. Now I said I would talk
about whether things are rational or not. This is rational. This part A can be expressed
as the ratio of 2 integers. Namely 5/1. This is rational. This is irrational. I'm not going to prove
it in this video. But anything that is the product
of irrational numbers. And the square root of any prime
number is irrational. I'm not proving it here. This is the square root of 2
times the square root of 3. That's what the square
root of 6 is. And that's what makes
this irrational. I cannot express this as
any type of fraction. I can't express this as some
integer over some other integer like I did there. And I'm not proving it here. I'm just giving you a little
bit of practice. And a quicker way to do this. You could say, hey,
4 goes into this. 4 is a perfect square. Let me take a 4 out. This is 4 times 6. The square root of 4 is 2, leave
the 6 in, and you would have gotten the 2 square
roots of 6. Which you will get the hang of
it eventually, but I want to do it systematically first. Let's do part C. Square root of 20. Once again, 20 is 2 times
10, which is 2 times 5. So this is the same thing as the
square root of 2 times 2, right, times 5. Now, the square root of 2 times
2, that's clearly just going to be 2. It's going to be the square
root of this times square root of that. 2 times the square root of 5. And once again, you could
probably do that in your head with a little practice. The square root of the
20 is 4 times 5. The square root of 4 is 2. You leave the 5 in
the radical. So let's do part D. We have to do the square
root of 200. Same process. Let's take the prime
factors of it. So it's 2 times 100, which is
2 times 50, which is 2 times 25, which is 5 times 5. So this right here,
we can rewrite it. Let me scroll to the
right a little bit. This is equal to the square
root of 2 times 2 times 2 times 5 times 5. Well we have one perfect square
there, and we have another perfect square there. So if I just want to write out
all the steps, this would be the square root of 2 times 2
times the square root of 2 times the square root
of 5 times 5. The square root of
2 times 2 is 2. The square root of 2 is just
the square root of 2. The square root of 5 times 5,
that's the square root of 25, that's just going to be 5. So you can rearrange these. 2 times 5 is 10. 10 square roots of 2. And once again, this
it is irrational. You can't express it as a
fraction with an integer and a numerator and the denominator. And if you were to actually try
to express this number, it will just keep going on and on
and on, and never repeating. Well let's do part E. The square root of 2000. I'll do it down here. Part E, the square
root of 2000. Same exact process that we've
been doing so far. Let's do the prime
factorization. That is 2 times 1000, which is
2 times 500, which is 2 times 250, which is 2 times 125,
which is 5 times 25, which is 5 times 5. And we're done. So this is going to be equal to
the square root of 2 times 2-- I'll put it in parentheses--
2 times 2, times 2 times 2, times 2 times
2, times 5 times 5, times 5 times 5, right? We have 1, 2, 3, 4, 2's, and
then 3, 5's, times 5. Now what is this going
to be equal to? Well, one thing you might see
is, hey, I could write this as, this is a 4, this is a 4. So we're going to have
a 4 repeated. And so this the same thing as
the square root of 4 times 4 times the square root of
5 times 5 times the square root of 5. So this right here
is obviously 4. This right here is 5. And then times the
square root of 5. So 4 times 5 is 20 square
roots of 5. And once again, this
is irrational. Well, let's do F. The square root of 1/4, which
we can view this is the same thing as the square root of 1
over the square root of 4, which is equal to 1/2. Which is clearly rational. It can be expressed
as a fraction. So that's clearly rational. Part G is the square
root of 9/4. Same logic. This is equal to the square root
of 9 over the square root of 4, which is equal to 3/2. Let's do part H. The square root of 0.16. Now you could do this in your
head if you immediately recognize that, gee, if
I multiply 0.4 times 0.4, I'll get this. But I'll show you a more
systematic way of doing it, if that wasn't obvious to you. So this is the same thing
as the square root of 16/100, right? That's what 0.16 is. So this is equal to the square
root of 16 over the square root of 100, which is equal to
4/10, which is equal to 0.4. Let's do a couple
more like that. OK. Part I was the square root of
0.1, which is equal to the square root of 1/10, which is
equal to the square root of 1 over the square root of 10,
which is equal to 1 over-- now, the square root of 10--
10 is just 2 times 5. So that doesn't really
help us much. So that's just the square
root of 10 like that. A lot of math teachers don't
like you leaving that radical in the denominator. But I can already tell you
that this is irrational. You'll just keep getting
numbers. You can try it on your
calculator, and it will never repeat. Your calculator will just give
you an approximation. Because in order to give the
exact value, you'd have to have an infinite number
of digits. But if you wanted to
rationalize this, just to show you. If you want to get rid of the
radical in the denominator, you can multiply this times the
square root of 10 over the square root of 10, right? This is just 1. So you get the square
root of 10/10. These are equivalent statements,
but both of them are irrational. You take an irrational number,
divide it by 10, you still have an irrational number. Let's do J. We have the square
root of 0.01. This is the same thing as the
square root of 1/100. Which is equal to the square
root of 1 over the square root of 100, which is equal
to 1/10, or 0.1. Clearly once again
this is rational. It's being written
as a fraction. This one up here was
also rational. It can be written expressed
as a fraction.