Question 1

This topic seems super interesting.

Accepted Answer

Yep. I'm also exited

Question 2

so because you are identifying the transformation that occurs for 1 0 and 0 1 you are also identifying the vector that transforms all other points?

Accepted Answer

That's right.  For a linear transformation, you only need to specify what it does to a set of points that represents a basis of the space (like (1,0) and (0,1) is a basis of two-dimensional space).  You can calculate any of the other values from that.

Question 3

You lost me on this one.

Accepted Answer

The answer to each question can be easily found by looking at where the green and red basis vectors end up after each transformation, and encoding where they do in a 2X2 matrix as follows:
__                                           __
| green-x-coord     red-x-coord |
|                                                   |
| green-y-coord     red-y-coord |
|__                                          __|

It is really that simple. The green vector is the vector that defines the x-axis and has length 1, labeled "i" with a little caret on top, pronounced "eye-hat," while the red arrow in the vector that defines the y-axis and has length 1 as well, labeled "j" with a little caret on top, pronounced "jay-hat." The 2x2 matrix has two columns: the left column says where i-hat ends up after the transformation, and the right column says where j-hat does.

I hope that helps a bit. :-)

Question 4

I honestly think 3b1b's Essence of Linear Algebra is one of the most enlightening things you can find on the internet.

Accepted Answer

You are right, but to be honest, combining both Khacacademy's problem sets and 3b1b's video helped me a lot to grasp visualization more deeply.

Question 5

Hi everyone,

after seeing the videos, I understand how to do a transformation that corresponds to a 90° rotation or a rotation multiple of 90°.

Now I am wondering what might be a rule to translate a transformation expressed as a matrix into a rotaion expressed in degree.

My intuition says that 
1.) I would need to rotate the x and the y component by the same degree if I do not wish to somehow squeez my vector/figure/coordinate system.
2.) I would probably able to calculate the matrix that corresponds to a rotation of given degrees using the unity circle and the sine etc functions.

So I would need to calculate the angle phi for any given point P in the coordinate system, add the angle I would like to rotate it, and then calculate the respective x,y coordinates.

Is this reasoning correct?

And if I want to resize the object (as in the tasks earlier), I assume, I could alter the magnitude of the vectors pointing to each corner of the object. But what would I need to do to alter the size of object and altering the distance to the origin at the same time, e.g. enlarge a triangle and at the same time get it closer to the origin? Would that still be a linear transformation?

Thanks in advance :-)

Accepted Answer

Your assumption is correct but you don't need to retrieve the original angle of the rotated point first. The trigonometric identities tell you that x'=x⋅cos(θ)-y⋅sin(θ) and y'=x⋅sin(θ)+y⋅cos(θ). And since matrices are all about forming i values each formed from j others values in different proportions, the matrix come by itself :

```+cos θ   -sin θ
+sin θ   +cos θ```

Since θ is a given constant, sin θ and cos θ are also constants, so you can replace each every expression in the matrix by its numerical equivalent if you wish to do so.

As regards your last question, to translate your figure, you indeed need to ADD a matrix to your result, which is no longer linear. However, it remains possible to perform an affine transformation in a single operation (multiplication of a square matrix), by adding one more dimension : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation_matrix#Affine_transformations

Question 6

this is the intuition behind rotating images isn't it

Accepted Answer

Yes, rotating an image is a type of transformation where the image is rotated by a certain angle around a fixed point. This results in a new image that has the same content as the original image, but with its pixels rearranged according to the rotation. Other types of transformations include scaling, translation, shearing, and more complex transformations such as perspective transformations. These transformations are widely used in computer graphics, image processing, and computer vision applications. Khan Academy does have videos on transformations, including rotations of 2D shapes and transformations in the coordinate plane, which can provide more insight and examples.

Question 7

So we are saying that the result of every linear transformation of the vector zero is the vector zero? In order to be a Linear Transformation?

Accepted Answer

Yes, taking the transformation of the zero vector for any linear transformation always gives back the zero vector in the other space.

Question 8

Are matrix transformations always represented as a 2x2 matrix? The textbook I'm using suggests that but I want to be sure.

Accepted Answer

No. Any matrix of any size mxn is a matrix transformation.
If you are specifically referring to transformations that apply rotation, projection, reflection, etc. in the xy plane, then yes, those only come from 2x2 matrices.

Question 9

Each vector in the question is broken into its corresponding x and y. However, I am wondering that instead of expressing the linear transformation by the matrix, could I express the transformation by using a general formula and without breaking down the vector?

Like in the warmup example, suppose there is a vector-valued function h in which two-dimensional vector V is transformed into two-dimensional vector W. Then I generalize a function h(v1, v2)=(-v2, v1), where in the right part of the equation the -v2 represents the returned w1, and v1 represents the returned w2. This specific function could represent the 90-degree rotation, as desired.

And thus what's the difference between using a linear algebra function and the matrix method which breaks down the vector? Does one have more advantages over the other? Thanks a lot.

Accepted Answer

A good observation. Any linear function can be represented using a matrix. The benefits of using a matrix is that we get to use all the theory associated with matrices, such as Gaussian elimination, eigenvectors, determinants, matrix multiplication (as opposed to function composition), inverse matrices, etc.

Question 10

Maybe I don't quite catch it, but why in every sample the vector start point is [0,0]?
And what will be if we will operate with more complicated vectors, what the transformation matrix will look like?

Accepted Answer

Vectors don't have a starting point. Vectors only have a magnitude and a direction. We just draw them as arrows, but the starting point of the arrow does not matter.

Course: Algebra (all content) > Unit 20

Matrix from visual representation of transformation

Warmup example

Practice problems

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