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Arithmetic
Course: Arithmetic > Unit 14
Lesson 2: Multi-digit multiplication- Relate multiplication with area models to the standard algorithm
- Intro to standard way of multiplying multi-digit numbers
- Understanding the standard algorithm for multiplication
- Multiplying multi-digit numbers: 6,742x23
- Multi-digit multiplication
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Understanding the standard algorithm for multiplication
The standard algorithm for multiplying whole numbers involves breaking the numbers down into their place values and multiplying each place value separately. This process is illustrated through three examples: one complete walkthrough, one where the viewer is asked to identify mistakes in incorrect solutions, and one where the viewer is asked to fill in a missing number. Created by Sal Khan.
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Video transcript
- We're not going to do
a few examples questions from the Khan academy exercise on the standard algorithms. We're asked, which of the following correctly multiplies 74 times 8 using the standard algorithm. So pause this video and
see if you can work on that before we do it together. All right, now let's just remind ourselves what the standard algorithm is. In fact, let's just remind
ourselves what an algorithm is. An algorithm is a series
of steps that you can do to do something, so
you'll often hear about a computer algorithm. But you can also have algorithms in math, just a method for doing something. And the standard algorithm, that's the typical, or the standard, way that a lot of people will tackle a multiplication question
or computation like this. But just as a reminder,
in the standard algorithm if we're multiplying 74 times 8 we would write the eight in the ones place right below the four in the ones place, and then you multiply each of
these places times the eight. So you would start with
the four times the eight, you would get 32. 32 you can express as
two ones and three tens. So we'll put that three up there. And then you would multiple
the seven times the eight. Seven times eight is 56, and
that's going to be 56 tens because it's seven 10s
times eight is 56 tens. Plus the three 10s you had before get you to 59 tens, and so
you would write over here. That's 59 tens, and so this would be 592. Now when you look at the choices, that's exactly what
happened here in choice C. Just for kicks we can see what went wrong in these other ones. Let's see, in this first one, when we multiplied the, when we multiplied the
four ones times eight ones, according to this, this person somehow got three ones and two tens, and 23. Four times eight is not 23,
you can rule that one out. And here when they multiplied the four ones times the eight ones, that would be the 32. So it's two ones and
then another three tens, so there should've been a three up here. And so that way when you multiplied the seven tens times eight, you get 56 but then you
add this other three tens so you would really
need to get to 59 tens. So that's why that one didn't work. Let's do another example here. And this is going to be with
a different type of question. So here we are told that, Don starts to use the standard algorithm to solve 418 times five. His work is shown below. What number should Don replace Y with? Pause this video and see
if you can figure it out. Okay, so the way to think about this, this might at first
confuse you a little bit, because Y, and why is there a
Y there, in the first place? But what they're really trying to get at is making sure that you, or we, understand what Don is trying to do when he's trying to do the standard algorithms. So as we just highlighted in last example, the way that we would tackle this with the standard algorithm, and actually let me write
it down, 418 times five. We would say eight ones times five ones is going to be 40 ones. 40 ones we can write as
zero ones and four tens. And so that looks like
the place where they, where Don stopped computing. So he's on his way to
solving the whole thing he just partially computed it so far. But just by doing that, we
know what the Y should be. The Y should be four. So what number should
Don replace the Y with? He should replace it with a four, and it's representing
Y tens, or four tens. And of course you could keep
going with this computation. If Don were to say, okay,
I have one ten times five, that'd be five tens,
plus another four tens, that's nine tens. And then last but not least, if Don wanted to figure out, well, he's got four hundreds here times five is twenty hundreds, which we can express as zero
hundreds and two thousands. Or you just do this as 20 hundreds. So they're not asking us to
do the entire computation. We're just trying to figure out what Don did essentially
in this first step. What number should he have
written here instead of a Y? So Y could be replaced with a four. It's representing the four, which is really in the
tens place, so four tens.