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High school geometry
Course: High school geometry > Unit 6
Lesson 5: Equations of parallel & perpendicular lines- Parallel lines from equation
- Parallel lines from equation (example 2)
- Parallel lines from equation (example 3)
- Perpendicular lines from equation
- Parallel & perpendicular lines from equation
- Writing equations of perpendicular lines
- Writing equations of perpendicular lines (example 2)
- Write equations of parallel & perpendicular lines
- Proof: parallel lines have the same slope
- Proof: perpendicular lines have opposite reciprocal slopes
- Analytic geometry FAQ
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Proof: parallel lines have the same slope
CCSS.Math:
Sal proves that parallel lines have the same slope using triangle similarity.
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- At, how can you assume that the lines which the vertical transversal passes through are parallel? I know that you claim that they are in the beginning, but what if that information is not given in a problem? 1:27(9 votes)
- If the lines are parallel, certainly the exercise will tell you.(4 votes)
- Is this material on the GED test? I teach GED classes to adults. I also was curious of its applications in the world. Thanks!(6 votes)
- in the world there are many times when proving to things are parallel is vital(this being basiclly the idea in the video, even if not said directly):
-archetecture
-mathmatician
engineer
botanist
purchasing directer
plastic surgeon
8 year old you likes to play minecraft pocket edition on his moms phone whil wait in the grocery store line.
and many more😉(0 votes)
- Does this have to do with trigonometry?
cause if so it explains why i didn't understand this(4 votes)- No this is not trigonometry. You can think of this as Algebra I or pre-algebra. They just wanted to show why this is always true(2 votes)
- Couldn't the slope be negative, and still have the same ratios of sides of right triangles drawn on them?(3 votes)
- Yes, if the right end of the parallel lines had been drawn angled down their slopes would have been negative.(2 votes)
- Sal could use a vector version to generalize the relations between parallel and perpendicular lines.(2 votes)
- I feel like I'm not understanding the value of this lesson. It feels like there's no value to this proof. Let's substitute language to try and illustrate my point. "Parallel lines have the same slope". What does "parallel" mean? To me, "parallel" might be defined as "two lines that don't overlap and have the same slope". So if we substitute that back in, we get "two lines that don't overlap and have the same slope lines have the same slope". It's like proving that a chicken is a bird. Chicken is the subject, bird is the category. By definition a chicken is a bird; Why would we try proving an already agreed upon definition? Is the point of this exercise to draw a connection between linear algebra and geometry? Is it a "true math proof" if the arguments contain the conclusion? Or is my definition for the word "parallel" different from other people? Any assistance would be appreciated. Thank you!(2 votes)
- Your definition of parallel is exactly right, but think back to a long time ago when people didn't know the exact definition of parallel. It was not something that was already defined so people had to prove that parallel lines have the same slope. The reason we know the that parallel lines have the same slope is because of this proof. Sometimes, on a test, you might also be asked to prove the same thing.(2 votes)
- Why didn't he say the AEC is a 90 degree angle?(2 votes)
- AEC is a 90 degree angle, but in this problem it wasn't required to know so he just left it. In a different problem where he needs that information he will say it is a 90 degree angle(0 votes)
- I think for math problems like theses nothing can be proven. In some problems I found out parallel lines fo NOT have the same slope using triangle similarity. so....?(0 votes)
- If the problems took place on a flat plane, then either you or the problem made a mistake. Parallel lines in the plane always have the same slope.(4 votes)
- Couldn't you also prove this by transforming one parallel line onto the other?(1 vote)
- what i don't get about this is that he's proving the fact that they have the same slope by the fact that he has the same slope.... isn't that the definition of a parallel line ?
sorry if i'm misunderstanding this. help is appreciated :)(1 vote)- Two lines are parallel if they lie in the same plane and don't intersect. The definition has nothing to do with coordinate geometry or slopes.
By proving that parallel lines have the same slope, Sal is translating the concept of parallelism from synthetic (non-coordinate) geometry to coordinate geometry.(1 vote)
Video transcript
- [Voiceover] What I wanna
do in this video is prove that parallel lines have the same slope. So let's draw some parallel lines here. So, that's one line and then
let me draw another line that is parallel to that. I'm claiming that these
are parallel lines. And now, I'm gonna draw
some transversals here. So first let me draw a
horizontal transversal. So, just like that. And then let me do a vertical transversal. So, just like that. And I'm assuming that the
green one is horizontal and the blue one is vertical. So we assume that they are
perpendicular to each other, that these intersect at right angles. And from this, I'm gonna figure out, I'm gonna use some parallel
line angle properties to establish that this triangle and this triangle are similar and then use that to establish
that both of these lines, both of these yellow
lines have the same slope. So actually let me label some points here. So let's call that point
A, point B, point C, point D, and point E. So, let's see. First of all we know that angle CED is going to be congruent to angle AEB, because they're both right angles. So that's a right angle and
then that is a right angle right over there. We also know some things
about corresponding angles for where our transversal
intersects parallel lines. This angle corresponds
to this angle if we look at the blue transversal as it
intersects those two lines. And so they're going to
be, they're going to have the same measure, they're
going to be congruent. Now this angle on one side of this point B is going to also be congruent to that, because they are vertical angles. We've seen that multiple times before. And so we know that this angle, angle ABE is congruent to angle ECD. Sometimes this is called
alternate interior angles of a transversal and parallel lines. Well, if you look at triangle
CED and triangle ABE, we see they already have
two angles in common, so if they have two angles in common, well, then their third
angle has to be in common. So, because this third
angle's just gonna be 180 minus these other two,
and so this third angle is just gonna be 180
minus this, the other two. And so just like that, we
notice we have all three angles are the same in both of these triangles, well, they're not all the same, but all of the corresponding angles, I should say, are the same. This blue angle has the same
measure as this blue angle, this magenta angle has the same measure as this magenta angle,
and then the other angles are right angles, these
are right triangles here. So we could say triangle AEB, triangle AEB is similar, similar similar to triangle DEC, triangle DEC by, and we could say
by angle, angle, angle, all the corresponding
angles are congruent, so we are dealing with similar triangles. And so we know similar
triangles are a ratio of corresponding sides
are going to be the same. So we could say that
the ratio of let's say the ratio of BE, the ratio of
BE, let me write this down, this is this side right
over here, the ratio of BE to AE, to AE, to AE, is going to be equal to, so
that side over that side, well what is the corresponding side? The corresponding side to BE is side CE. So that's going to be the same as the ratio between CE and DE, and DE. And this just comes out of similar, the similarity of the triangles, CE to DE. So once again, once we established these triangles are similar,
we can say the ratio of corresponding sides
are going to be the same. Now what is the ratio between BE and AE? The ratio between BE and AE. Well that is the slope of
this top line right over here. We could say that's the slope of line AB, slope of line connecting, connecting A to B. All right, let me just use,
I could write it like this, that is slope of, slope of A, slope of line AB. Remember slope is, when
you're going from A to B, it's change in y over change in x. So when you're going from A
to B, your change in x is AE, and your change in y is BE, or EB, however you want to refer to it. So this right over here is change in y, and this over here is change in x. Well, now let's look at
this second expression right over here, CE over DE, CE over DE. Well, now, this is going to be change in y over change in x between point C and D. So this is, this right over
here, this is the slope of line, of line CD. And so just like that, by
establishing similarity, we were able see the ratio of corresponding sides are congruent, which shows us that the
slopes of these two lines are going to be the same. And we are done.