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Course: Integrated math 1 > Unit 14
Lesson 3: Graphs of exponential growthExponential function graph
We can graph an exponential function, like y=5ˣ, by picking a few inputs (x-values) and finding their corresponding outputs (y-values). We'll see that an exponential function has a horizontal asymptote in one direction and rapidly changes in the other direction. Created by Sal Khan and Monterey Institute for Technology and Education.
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Can anyone explain to me why a negative power is always a fraction?(17 votes)
Technically, an exponent expresses multiplication, and is shown with a positive number. The opposite of a positive number is (obviously) a negative number, so in keeping with the rules of exponents, this must somehow be the "opposite" of multiplication, which happens to be division. Therefore, a negative exponent is always a division (written as a fraction).
That's the reason.(32 votes)
why does any number to the 0 power always become a 1? why not 0?(9 votes)- As the saying goes, "Do the Math!"
At this stage you may not know all you need to with regard to the properties of exponents.
Here is one explanation that requires knowing that (x^a)/(x^b)= x^(a-b)
You know that, for example, 5/5=1, correct? It is because the numerator and denominator are equal.
Suppose you had (5^6)/(5^6). Since the numerator and denominator are equal, this is also equal to 1.
Now, using the exponential property that (x^a)/(x^b)= x^(a-b), we have
(5^6)/(5^6) = 5^(6-6) = 5^0.
And since (5^6)/(5^6) = 1 and (5^6)/(5^6) = 5^(6-6) that means 5^0 = 1 as well.
You will know lots more about exponential function when you finish this course!(12 votes)
these answer above are all right.but there's another idea about slope.slope of a line can be expressed as a trigonometric function.it's the tangent of the angle formed between the x-axis and the line itself.(9 votes)
We didn't get this far yet, but if the graph keeps curving as it increases, it seems like it would become somewhat circular or at least spiral.(1 vote)
An exponential graph doesn't keep curving. Exponential graphs just have an accelerated rate of growth/decay. There is nothing that will cause the growth/decay to bend and change direction whichis why you don't get a spiral.(9 votes)
how do you do negative exponents?(1 vote)
The first step is to flip them for example
5^-2 would flip the -2 and because all numbers are technically fractions (5=5/ 12=12/1 this applies to any number) you would just flip it so instead of having -2 (or -2/1) you would have 1/2. so when rewritten it would be 5^1/2 then you can plug into your cauclour(2 votes)
- Why Sal drew curved lines between the points. Why not straight lines?(1 vote)
- Exponential functions do not change in a constant manner. Linear equations have a constant slope. With exponential equations, the change accelerates as the exponent increases. See this video: https://www.khanacademy.org/math/algebra/introduction-to-exponential-functions/exponential-vs-linear-growth/v/exponential-vs-linear-growth(4 votes)
- if x is infinity does that mean y is a greater exponential infinity?(2 votes)
Yep!
Though we can't input an infinity into a function, the function's end behaviour (what happens as you make x approach -inf or inf) can be found.
As we make x approach inf, y also approaches inf, and this can be seen graphically.(3 votes)
Is it ever possible for an exponential function to go into the negatives?(2 votes)
The domain of an exponential function is all real numbers, but the exponential parent function has an asymptote at y=0, so it would never go into the negatives. However, all functions can be shifted down by subtracting outside the exponential function such as y = 2^x - 5.(2 votes)
- What is the difference between exponents and indices?(1 vote)
T Ross,
Exponents are notations that indicate a base number is raised to a power or multiplied by itself a given number of times. In writing or word processing programs that allow it, exponents are written as superscript(above the base number). In a plain text editor (like this one), exponents are noted using the *^* symbol.
For example,
2^3 means 2 multiplied together 3 times: 2*2*2 = 8
x^3 means x multiplied together 4 times: x*x*x*x
Indices are a notation that indicates the position of an element in a sequence, array, or matrix. In a word processing program that allows it, indices are shown in subscript (below the name or variable assigned to the sequence). In a plain text editor, indices are indicated using the _. In the example in the video, Sal uses the sequence of numbers -2, -1, 0, 1, 2 for the x values. If you were to call this sequence X, then
X_1 = -2
X_2 = -1
X_3 = 0
X_4 = 1
X_4 = 2(4 votes)
- sorry this question stupid but i really suck at math so where does the two in the equation come from?(2 votes)
- Vmone,
If you are talking about the 2 in the column labeled x, that is a value that Sal selected. He selected all of the x values and used them to calculate the y values.(2 votes)
Video transcript
We're asked to graph y is
equal to 5 to the x-th power. And we'll just do this
the most basic way. We'll just try out
some values for x and see what we get for y. And then we'll plot
those coordinates. So let's try some negative
and some positive values. And I'll try to
center them around 0. So this will be my x values. This will be my y values. Let's start first with something
reasonably negative but not too negative. So let's say we start with
x is equal to negative 2. Then y is equal to
5 to the x power, or 5 to the negative
2 power, which we know is the same thing as 1 over 5
to the positive 2 power, which is just 1/25. Now let's try another value. What happens when x is
equal to negative 1? Then y is 5 to the
negative 1 power, which is the same thing as 1 over 5
to the first power, or just 1/5. Now let's think about
when x is equal to 0. Then y is going to be equal
to 5 to the 0-th power, which we know anything
to the 0-th power is going to be equal to 1. So this is going
to be equal to 1. And then finally,
we have-- well, actually, let's try a
couple of more points here. Let me extend this table
a little bit further. Let's try out x is equal to 1. Then y is 5 to the first power,
which is just equal to 5. And let's do one
last value over here. Let's see what happens
when x is equal to 2. Then y is 5 squared,
5 to the second power, which is just equal to 25. And now we can plot it to
see how this actually looks. So let me get some
graph paper going here. My x's go as low as negative
2, as high as positive 2. And then my y's go all the way
from 1/25 all the way to 25. So I have positive
values over here. So let me draw it like this. So this could be my x-axis. That could be my x-axis. And then let's make
this my y-axis. I'll draw it as neatly as I can. So let's make that my y-axis. And my x values, this
could be negative 2. Actually, make my
y-axis keep going. So that's y. This is x. That's a negative 2. That's negative 1. That's 0. That is 1. And that is positive 2. And let's plot the points. x is negative 2. y is 1/25. Actually, let me make
the scale on the y-axis. So let's make this. So we're going to go
all the way to 25. So let's say that this is 5. Actually, I have to do it a
little bit smaller than that, too. So this is going to
be 5, 10, 15, 20. And then 25 would be right where
I wrote the y, give or take. So now let's plot them. Negative 2, 1/25. 1 is going to be like there. So 1/25 is going to be really,
really close to the x-axis. That's about 1/25. So that is negative 2, 1/25. It's not going to
be on the x-axis. 1/25 is obviously
greater than 0. It's going to be really,
really, really, really, close. Now let's do this point here
in orange, negative 1, 1/5. Negative 1/5-- 1/5 on this
scale is still pretty close. It's pretty close. So that right over there
is negative 1, 1/5. And now in blue,
we have 0 comma 1. 0 comma 1 is going to
be right about there. If this is 2 and 1/2, that
looks about right for 1. And then we have 1 comma 5. 1 comma 5 puts us
right over there. And then finally,
we have 2 comma 25. When x is 2, y is 25. 2 comma 25 puts us
right about there. And so I think you see what
happens with this function, with this graph. The further in the
negative direction we go, 5 to ever-increasing
negative powers gets closer and closer
to 0, but never quite. So we're leaving 0, getting
slightly further, further, further from 0. Right at the y-axis,
we have y equal 1. Right at x is equal to 0,
we have y is equal to 1. And then once x starts
increasing beyond 0, then we start seeing what
the exponential is good at, which is just this
very rapid increase. Some people would call it
an exponential increase, which is obviously the
case right over here. So then if I just
keep this curve going, you see it's just going
on this sometimes called a hockey stick. It just keeps on
going up like this at a super fast rate,
ever-increasing rate. So you could keep going
forever to the left, and you'd get closer and
closer and closer to 0 without quite getting to 0. So 5 to the negative
billionth power is still not going
to get you to 0, but it's going to get you
pretty darn close to 0. But obviously, if you go to 5
to the positive billionth power, you're going to get
to a super huge number because this thing is just
going to keep skyrocketing up like that. So let me just draw
the whole curve, just to make sure you see it. Over here, I'm not actually on
0, although the way I drew it, it might look like that. I'm slightly above 0. I'm increasing above that,
increasing above that. And once I get into the
positive x's, then I start really,
really shooting up.