0:47 What is the name of the book shown?

Serway and Jewett's "Physics for Scientists and Engineers"

How did we figure out that a photon is massless?

if you look outside, there is sunlight, and if it had mass, it would just stick to the sun, because of gravity

If I write momentum of photon=Energy of photon/velocity of light, is that incorrect? I got my marks deducted in a physics exam for writing that!

That's correct! For a massless object, the energy and momentum carried by the massless object are proportional to one another, and the proportionality constant (to get the units right) is c.

How to understand the difference between E=mc^2 and E^2=p^2c^2+m^2c^4

E=mc^2 is for objects that have mass and that aren't moving, whereas the full formula takes the reverse of those into account as well.

Why is it so important to use lambda. Isn't there a specific number we can use?

Lambda refers to the wavelength of the light. So it depends on what light you're talking about. It's not a constant, but used to represent the wavelength of the light we're talking about.

Then what is the range of velocity for the formula p=mv? Like David said you cannot use it for objects which move at the speed of light So we start at 0 then what? till where?

It depends on how precise you need to be. For speeds below about 0.2 c the relativistic and non-relativistic calculations are nearly indistinguishable. As you get closer to c they diverge, and the rate of divergence grows very rapidly as you get closer and closer to c.

Any videos on that specific formula of special relativity? at 1:30 ? How it was derived and what it means?

I believe Einstein created it. Basically, when an object goes close to or the speed of light its mass becomes infinite and can't go any faster than the speed of light.

If a photon bounces off a surface or object, would it still move at light speed, but we just can't see it? Or does it dissipitate somehow? Also, what is the song playing in the background? I like it :)

I assume you mean photon, not proton. Photons always move at the speed of light. Always.

When we consider the formula momentum = h/wavelength for light isn't it's value very small? Doesn't it make momentum of light negligible?

You're right, the momentum of each individual photon is tiny. But when you have many trillions of photons striking an object per second, then the net momentum transfer can be significant.

Main content

AP®︎/College Physics 2

Course: AP®︎/College Physics 2 > Unit 8

Lesson 1: Photons

Photon Momentum

Name: Photon Momentum
Uploaded: 2016-06-05T05:07:59Z
Description: In this video, David (and surfer Dan) explain how to determine the momentum of a photon.

Google Classroom

In this video, David (and surfer Dan) explain how to determine the momentum of a photon.

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Subhajit Ghosh
Posted 7 years ago. Direct link to Subhajit Ghosh's post “0:47 What is the name of ...”
0:47
What is the name of the book shown?
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(22 votes)
Answer
- Sebastian
  Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Sebastian's post “Serway and Jewett's "Phys...”
  Serway and Jewett's "Physics for Scientists and Engineers"
  Comment on Sebastian's post “Serway and Jewett's "Phys...”
  (17 votes)
Deya Chatterjee
Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Deya Chatterjee's post “If I write momentum of ph...”
If I write momentum of photon=Energy of photon/velocity of light, is that incorrect? I got my marks deducted in a physics exam for writing that!
Button navigates to signup pageComment on Deya Chatterjee's post “If I write momentum of ph...”
(6 votes)
Answer
- Kevin R Martin
  Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to Kevin R Martin's post “That's correct! For a mas...”
  That's correct! For a massless object, the energy and momentum carried by the massless object are proportional to one another, and the proportionality constant (to get the units right) is c.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (3 votes)
Jayc
Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to Jayc's post “How did we figure out tha...”
How did we figure out that a photon is massless?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on Jayc's post “How did we figure out tha...”
(9 votes)
Answer
- johnfortner
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to johnfortner's post “if you look outside, ther...”
  if you look outside, there is sunlight, and if it had mass, it would just stick to the sun, because of gravity
  Comment on johnfortner's post “if you look outside, ther...”
  (8 votes)
hanlinxuan991
Posted 7 years ago. Direct link to hanlinxuan991's post “How to understand the dif...”
How to understand the difference between E=mc^2 and E^2=p^2c^2+m^2c^4
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(4 votes)
Answer
- Carl Thorell
  Posted 7 years ago. Direct link to Carl Thorell's post “E=mc^2 is for objects tha...”
  E=mc^2 is for objects that have mass and that aren't moving, whereas the full formula takes the reverse of those into account as well.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (5 votes)
Bhavya Agarwal
Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Bhavya Agarwal's post “Then what is the range of...”
Then what is the range of velocity for the formula p=mv?
Like David said you cannot use it for objects which move at the speed of light
So we start at 0 then what? till where?
Button navigates to signup pageButton navigates to signup page
(2 votes)
Answer
- Andrew M
  Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Andrew M's post “It depends on how precise...”
  It depends on how precise you need to be.
  For speeds below about 0.2 c the relativistic and non-relativistic calculations are nearly indistinguishable. As you get closer to c they diverge, and the rate of divergence grows very rapidly as you get closer and closer to c.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (7 votes)
Kumar Chakraborty
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Kumar Chakraborty's post “Why is it so important to...”
Why is it so important to use lambda. Isn't there a specific number we can use?
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(3 votes)
Answer
- Extrapolated Tomato
  Posted 2 years ago. Direct link to Extrapolated Tomato's post “Lambda refers to the wave...”
  Lambda refers to the wavelength of the light. So it depends on what light you're talking about. It's not a constant, but used to represent the wavelength of the light we're talking about.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (2 votes)
Nathan Farhat
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to Nathan Farhat's post “If a photon bounces off a...”
If a photon bounces off a surface or object, would it still move at light speed, but we just can't see it? Or does it dissipitate somehow? Also, what is the song playing in the background? I like it :)
Button navigates to signup pageButton navigates to signup page
(1 vote)
Answer
- Andrew M
  Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to Andrew M's post “I assume you mean photon,...”
  I assume you mean photon, not proton.
  Photons always move at the speed of light. Always.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (6 votes)
Yopi
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Yopi's post “But Dan you said in the l...”
But Dan you said in the last video you said that the energy
of a photon is E=hf but now you subbed E with hc/λ why is that.
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(1 vote)
Answer
- Davin V Jones
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Davin V Jones's post “f=c/λ”
  f=c/λ
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  (5 votes)
Hassaanghazali
Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to Hassaanghazali's post “Any videos on that specif...”
Any videos on that specific formula of special relativity? at
1:30
? How it was derived and what it means?
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(2 votes)
Answer
- William King
  Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to William King's post “I believe Einstein create...”
  I believe Einstein created it. Basically, when an object goes close to or the speed of light its mass becomes infinite and can't go any faster than the speed of light.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (2 votes)
Sneha.M
Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Sneha.M's post “When we consider the form...”
When we consider the formula momentum = h/wavelength for light isn't it's value very small? Doesn't it make momentum of light negligible?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on Sneha.M's post “When we consider the form...”
(1 vote)
Answer
- Mark Zwald
  Posted 6 years ago. Direct link to Mark Zwald's post “You're right, the momentu...”
  You're right, the momentum of each individual photon is tiny. But when you have many trillions of photons striking an object per second, then the net momentum transfer can be significant.
  Comment on Mark Zwald's post “You're right, the momentu...”
  (3 votes)

Video transcript

- [Narrator] A while back, I was teaching physics in California. I got to class and I was all like, hey class, you wanna hear a physics joke? Yeah, okay, totally. Does light hold mass? I don't know, does it? No, it's not even Catholic. Oh man. Shoulda went to the beach today. Dude, really? Totally lame. But wait, doesn't light really have mass? It should. It's got momentum so it's gotta have mass. It has momentum so it must have mass. Whoa, hey! Everyone just calm the heck down. You see, the worst part of all this wasn't that my joke bombed, it was that I actually managed to confuse people by telling it. My students had read that light has momentum and they were right, light really does have momentum. But then I come to class and I'm all like, hey, guess what, light has no mass. Now my students are thinking to themselves, dude, but P equals MV. In other words, if momentum equals mass times velocity, how could light, which has no mass, ever have momentum? Well, I had to break it to my students that P equals MV isn't really accurate for things that travel close to the speed of light. For things going that fast, you have to use special relativity. I don't wanna waste a lot of time talking about special relativity in this video so you're just gonna have to take my word for it that the rules of special relativity allow for a loophole. This loophole provides a way for massless objects to have momentum. Alright, so the bad news is that we cannot use P equals MV to find the momentum of a photon. The good news is that the formula for the momentum of a photon is simple, the momentum of a photon equals H over lambda. H is Planck's constant, 6.626 times 10 to the negative 34 joule-seconds. Lambda is the wavelength of the light in meters. Be careful, don't use nanometers, you have to convert to meters. The momentum of a single photon is gonna be extremely small, that's why it doesn't feel like we're getting pushed on very much when light shines on us, but theoretically, if you had a big enough solar sail, the light bouncing off of that solar sail could propel it forward due to the impulse imparted by the momentum of the light. Okay, so very long story short, you should never ever use P equals MV to find the momentum of a photon. To find the momentum of a photon, you should always use momentum equals H over lambda. (ambient techno music)