Is there a video or a question that explains how friction is applied to an object in motion on an incline? Say if you wish to find the force applied to an object being pushed up an incline.

I believe it would be in the friction unit, the 2nd video isn't specific to incline planes but I think it can be pretty easily aplied

Can a non contact force like mg be ever considered to be a contact force?

Gravity is a non-contact force that can act on objects within the gravitational field of the exerting body, whereas in the case of contact forces the exerting body has to be in direct contact with the object the force is applied on. So it is a non contact force.

is this in radians or degrees

It doesn't matter. Just make sure your calculator is set in degree mode if you're given angles in degrees.

I don't understand why and how sine and cosine come into play. I know sine is a ratio of the opposite side to hypotenuse and cosine is adjacent to hypotenuse. But how does this give us our force of gravity? What about this ratio gives it to us? What about them makes it helpful in finding it and how come one of them uses sine and the other is cosine?

If you have an inclined force (call that F1, and you know how big that force is and also the angle), horizontal force (Fx), and vertical force (Fy) (both vertical and horizontal force have unknown magnitude), try to make a rectangle with the horizontal and vertical force, you will see that the inclined force split the rectangle and form 2 triangle.You will see that : sin(theta) = Fy/F1 => rearrange : Fy = F1.sin(theta) cos(theta) = Fx/F1 => Fx = F1.cos(theta) using sin and cos help you to decompose an inclined force into an easier one which is horizontal and vertical force

why does the perpendicular axis has no acceleration?

Because the normal force is counteracting the perpendicular component of gravity. If the perpendicular axis had acceleration, the object would either be flying away from the ramp or going into it.

Main content

Class 11 Physics (India)

Course: Class 11 Physics (India) > Unit 9

Lesson 8: Inclined planes

Inclined planes review

Google Classroom

Review the key concepts and skills for inclined planes, including how to write Newton's second law for forces parallel and perpendicular to the incline.

Key terms

Term (symbol)	Meaning
Inclined plane	A tilted surface, sometimes called a ramp or incline.

How to write Newton’s second law for forces on an incline

1) Draw a free body diagram for the object (see Figure 3). Remember to rotate the coordinate axes to align with the incline (see Figure 1 below).

[How do I draw a free body diagram?]

If there is any acceleration, it will typically be along the parallel axis (labeled

∥

) of the incline.

The perpendicular axis (labeled

⊥

) typically has no acceleration and

a_{⊥} = 0

2) Write the Newton’s second law statement for the direction of interest.

m a_{⊥} = Σ F_{⊥}

m a_{∥} = Σ F_{∥}

The perpendicular direction’s equation simplifies because

a_{⊥} = 0

\begin{aligned} m (0) & = Σ F_{⊥} \\ 0 & = Σ F_{⊥} \end{aligned}

3) Substitute the sum of all the forces acting in the direction of interest ( $⊥$ ‍ or $∥$ ‍) for $Σ F$ ‍. Use your free body diagram to identify which forces are acting in the direction of interest.

Sometimes a force is completely aligned in the parallel or perpendicular direction like normal force and friction.

Some forces have components in both the parallel and perpendicular direction, such as the force of gravity. In that case, the force should be broken down into the parallel and perpendicular components (see Figure 2 below) for substitution in the net force equations.

The parallel and perpendicular components of weight are (Figure 2):

\begin{aligned} F_{g ⊥} & = F_{g} \cos θ \\ F_{g ∥} & = F_{g} \sin θ \end{aligned}

[How do I find the weight components?]

Common mistakes and misconceptions

People forget the force directions. The diagram below shows the forces on an object resting on an incline.

Weight $F_{g}$ ‍ is straight down.
Normal force $F_{N}$ ‍ pushes perpendicular to the incline.
Friction $F_{f}$ ‍ acts parallel to the incline.

Learn more

To view a worked example of an object sliding down a ramp, watch our video of ice accelerating down a ramp.

To check your understanding and work toward mastering these concepts, check out the exercises on forces and inclined planes.

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saintfort.dan
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to saintfort.dan's post “Is there a video or a que...”
Is there a video or a question that explains how friction is applied to an object in motion on an incline? Say if you wish to find the force applied to an object being pushed up an incline.
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(12 votes)
Answer
- brandonj0855
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to brandonj0855's post “I believe it would be in ...”
  I believe it would be in the friction unit, the 2nd video isn't specific to incline planes but I think it can be pretty easily aplied
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  (2 votes)
Ruppert Rapport
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to Ruppert Rapport's post “Why is acceleration ZERO ...”
Why is acceleration ZERO on an inclined plane with no friction? You didn't explain that.
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(4 votes)
Answer
SDN 123
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to SDN 123's post “Can a non contact force l...”
Can a non contact force like mg be ever considered to be a contact force?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on SDN 123's post “Can a non contact force l...”
(3 votes)
Answer
- Medha Singh
  Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to Medha Singh's post “Gravity is a non-contact ...”
  Gravity is a non-contact force that can act on objects within the gravitational field of the exerting body, whereas in the case of contact forces the exerting body has to be in direct contact with the object the force is applied on. So it is a non contact force.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (3 votes)
Carolina Tarango
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Carolina Tarango's post “is this in radians or deg...”
is this in radians or degrees
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(2 votes)
Answer
- Deny C
  Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Deny C's post “It doesn't matter. Just m...”
  It doesn't matter. Just make sure your calculator is set in degree mode if you're given angles in degrees.
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  (2 votes)
MichelleW.
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to MichelleW.'s post “Is the angle of the incli...”
Is the angle of the incline always equal to the angle between Fg and Fgcos?
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(2 votes)
Answer
- Sukhada
  Posted 3 months ago. Direct link to Sukhada's post “Yes- that's because of th...”
  Yes- that's because of the Alternate interior angle theorem! You can revisit this theorem from Sal's videos in the Geometry section. It is intuitive.
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  (1 vote)
Cherrie-lee P. Phillip
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to Cherrie-lee P. Phillip's post “How does it change when a...”
How does it change when a force is applied horizontally to prevent the object (box) from sliding down the ramp? Does the magnitude of the normal force change while the box is being held in place on a frictionless slope? Thanks.
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(2 votes)
Answer
michezohalisi
Posted 3 years ago. Direct link to michezohalisi's post “An inclined plan makes an...”
An inclined plan makes an angle of 30° with the horizontal. Find the constant force, applied parallel to the inclined plan, required to cause a 20 kg box to slide I. down the incline with acceleration 1,00 m/s2?
II. up the incline with acceleration 1,00 m/s2?
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(1 vote)
Answer
donnerwills
Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to donnerwills's post “I don't understand why an...”
I don't understand why and how sine and cosine come into play. I know sine is a ratio of the opposite side to hypotenuse and cosine is adjacent to hypotenuse. But how does this give us our force of gravity? What about this ratio gives it to us? What about them makes it helpful in finding it and how come one of them uses sine and the other is cosine?
Button navigates to signup pageComment on donnerwills's post “I don't understand why an...”
(1 vote)
Answer
- Ridho Rizqullah
  Posted 5 years ago. Direct link to Ridho Rizqullah's post “If you have an inclined f...”
  If you have an inclined force (call that F1, and you know how big that force is and also the angle), horizontal force (Fx), and vertical force (Fy) (both vertical and horizontal force have unknown magnitude), try to make a rectangle with the horizontal and vertical force, you will see that the inclined force split the rectangle and form 2 triangle.You will see that :
  sin(theta) = Fy/F1 => rearrange : Fy = F1.sin(theta)
  cos(theta) = Fx/F1 => Fx = F1.cos(theta)
  using sin and cos help you to decompose an inclined force into an easier one which is horizontal and vertical force
  Button navigates to signup page
  (2 votes)
Alex Forger
Posted 4 years ago. Direct link to Alex Forger's post “It says to rotate the coo...”
It says to rotate the coordinate system but then the videos don't rotate the coordinate system, so I'm confused.
Button navigates to signup pageComment on Alex Forger's post “It says to rotate the coo...”
(1 vote)
Answer
dena escot
Posted 9 months ago. Direct link to dena escot's post “why does the perpendicula...”
why does the perpendicular axis has no acceleration?
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(0 votes)
Answer
- rylan.wetsell
  Posted 6 months ago. Direct link to rylan.wetsell's post “Because the normal force ...”
  Because the normal force is counteracting the perpendicular component of gravity. If the perpendicular axis had acceleration, the object would either be flying away from the ramp or going into it.
  Button navigates to signup page
  (2 votes)