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Class 11 Physics (India)
Course: Class 11 Physics (India) > Unit 10
Lesson 6: Conservation of energy- Law of conservation of energy
- LOL diagrams
- What is conservation of energy?
- Conservation of energy
- Work as the transfer of energy
- Vertical springs and energy conservation
- Conservation of energy: Predict changes in energy
- Conservation of energy: Numerical calculations
- Conservation of energy review
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Conservation of energy
Using the law of conservation of energy to see how potential energy is converted into kinetic energy. Created by Sal Khan.
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Can anybody explain me what is dark energy?(29 votes)
In physical cosmology and astronomy, dark energy is an unknown form of energy which is hypothesized to permeate all of space, tending to accelerate the expansion of the universe.
this is the real meaning(15 votes)
energy can also be converted from one form to another , like wind energy is converted to electrical energy.but can sound energy be converted to light energy?(14 votes)- This paper explores a relatively less popular source of clean energy. Noise (sound) energy can be converted into viable source of electric power by using a suitable transducer. This can be done by using a transducer by converting vibrations caused by noise into electrical energy. An application is proposed for the same, in which a speaker and a transformer are used to convert noise produced by car horn into electrical energy. The vibrations created by noise can be converted into electrical energy through the principle of electromagnetic induction. The received signal was stepped up using a transformer. A similar setup was placed at distance of 1 meter from the exhaust pipe of a 350 cubic centimeter engine of a motorbike. The demonstrated ideas probe into a clean and readily available source of energy.(9 votes)
Why energy is conserved?(7 votes)- good question simple and plain......
The total amount of energy in the universe is constant. To do something you use energy, but you don't really "use" it (as in it disappears), you just change it into something else (like motion or heat). Unless you don't mean how it's done, but actually "Why". Because that's like asking what the meaning of life is... I can give you a lot of answers but none of them are really right. But I guess this is where that principle that "If such and such hadn't been like that, we wouldn't exist." If energy was just lost gained randomly.. you could go "poof" any second.(6 votes)
- According to the law of conservation of energy, is the amount of energy on Earth a fixed amount, because energy cannot be created or destroyed?(4 votes)
The earth is not a closed system so the amount of energy is not constant.
The earth is gaining energy from the sun and losing energy to heat loss to space.(7 votes)
So essentially i did exactly what sal did at3:36however i used both methods: the kinematic way and the energy way. For the kinematic way i get v^2=196 and for energy way as sal stated we get v^2= 200 now i realise the difference is not huge with V=14ms/s for the kinematic way and V=14.14m/s for the energy way, but why does the difference exist if both methods can determine the same results?(2 votes)
Because in the kinematic you used 9.81m/s^2 for the gravity. You forgot that in this video the acceleration for the gravity in this video is 10/s^2 for the sake of simplicity.(6 votes)
unit and others like this need to be updated as it becomes difficult to read the writing. The writing seems very pixilated and harder to read.(5 votes)
If energy is neither created nor destroyed, then how do we get energy?(3 votes)- Energy is neither created no destroyed in the universe as it exists.
That rule would not necessarily apply to the creation of the universe itself.
But all the energy that's in the universe now is what was there when the universe started. How it got there, we don't know, just like we don't know how the universe started(4 votes)
- The law states that the Potential Energy at the top of the object equal of that to the Kenetic Energy of the Object before it hits the ground. At that point height is not entirely zero, Does this mean that PE top is not equal but approximate to KE bottom?(2 votes)
- no, it means you are measuring PE incorrectly. What the law says is that the change in the KE will be equal to the change in the PE. You can set zero PE wherever you want.(2 votes)
- How does air friction affect the result for the kinetic energy ?(2 votes)
- friction slows anything down since it it always opposing motion.
so v goes down.(2 votes)
- in the formula for kinetic energy is the velocity the final velocity and if yes why? ( why not the average velocity)(2 votes)
The (translation) kinetic energy describes how much energy does a moving object spend on its movement. The importance of kinetic energy is to measure the energy of the movements at that exact movement. However you can find the average of squared velocities to gain average kinetic energy-this technique used for kinetic theory of gases. For conclusion, if you want the average kinetic energy you need to take the average of squared velocities -square velocities and take their mean or average- or if you want the exact kinetic energy at an exact moment you need the instantaneous velocity.(2 votes)
3:36Video transcript
Welcome back. At the end of the last
video, I left you with a bit of a question. We had a situation where we
had a 1 kilogram object. This is the 1 kilogram object,
which I've drawn neater in this video. That is 1 kilogram. And we're on earth, and I need
to mention that because gravity is different from
planet to planet. But as I mentioned,
I'm holding it. Let's say I'm holding it 10
meters above the ground. So this distance or this
height is 10 meters. And we're assuming the
acceleration of gravity, which we also write as just g, let's
assume it's just 10 meters per second squared just for the
simplicity of the math instead of the 9.8. So what we learned in the last
video is that the potential energy in this situation, the
potential energy, which equals m times g times h is equal to
the mass is 1 kilogram times the acceleration of gravity,
which is 10 meters per second squared. I'm not going to write the units
down just to save space, although you should do this when
you do it on your test. And then the height
is 10 meters. And the units, if you work them
all out, it's in newton meters or joules and so it's
equal to 100 joules. That's the potential energy when
I'm holding it up there. And I asked you, well when
I let go, what happens? Well the block obviously
will start falling. And not only falling, it will
start accelerating to the ground at 10 meters per second
squared roughly. And right before it hits the
ground-- let me draw that in brown for ground-- right before
the object hits the ground or actually right when it
hits the ground, what will be the potential energy
of the object? Well it has no height, right? Potential energy is mgh. The mass and the acceleration of
gravity stay the same, but the height is 0. So they're all multiplied
by each other. So down here, the potential
energy is going to be equal to 0. And I told you in the last video
that we have the law of conservation of energy. That energy is conserved. It cannot be created
or destroyed. It can just be converted from
one form to another. But I'm just showing you, this
object had 100 joules of energy or, in this case, gravitational potential energy. And down here, it
has no energy. Or at least it has no
gravitational potential energy, and that's the key. That gravitational potential
energy was converted into something else. And that something else
it was converted into is kinetic energy. And in this case, since it has
no potential energy, all of that previous potential energy,
all of this 100 joules that it has up here is now going
to be converted into kinetic energy. And we can use that information
to figure out its velocity right before
it hits the ground. So how do we do that? Well what's the formula
for kinetic energy? And we solved it two videos
ago, and hopefully it shouldn't be too much
of a mystery to you. It's something good to memorize,
but it's also good to know how we got it and go
back two videos if you forgot. So first we know that all the
potential energy was converted into kinetic energy. We had 100 joules of potential
energy, so we're still going to have 100 joules, but now
all of it's going to be kinetic energy. And kinetic energy is
1/2 mv squared. So we know that 1/2 mv squared,
or the kinetic energy, is now going to
equal 100 joules. What's the mass? The mass is 1. And we can solve for v now. 1/2 v squared equals
100 joules, and v squared is equal to 200. And then we get v is equal to
square root of 200, which is something over 14. We can get the exact number. Let's see, 200 square
root, 14.1 roughly. The velocity is going to
be 14.1 meters per second squared downwards. Right before the object
touches the ground. Right before it touches
the ground. And you might say, well Sal
that's nice and everything. We learned a little
bit about energy. I could have solved that or
hopefully you could have solved that problem just using
your kinematics formula. So what's the whole point
of introducing these concepts of energy? And I will now show you. So let's say they have the same
1 kilogram object up here and it's 10 meters in the air,
but I'm going to change things a little bit. Let me see if I can competently
erase all of this. Nope, that's not what
I wanted to do. OK, there you go. I'm trying my best to erase
this, all of this stuff. OK. So I have the same object. It's still 10 meters
in the air and I'll write that in a second. And I'm just holding it there
and I'm still going to drop it, but something interesting
is going to happen. Instead of it going straight
down, it's actually going to drop on this ramp of ice. The ice has lumps on it. And then this is the bottom. This is the ground down here. This is the ground. So what's going to
happen this time? I'm still 10 meters in the
air, so let me draw that. That's still 10 meters. I should switch colors just
so not everything is ice. So that's still 10 meters, but
instead of the object going straight down now, it's going to
go down here and then start sliding, right? It's going to go sliding
along this hill. And then at this point it's
going to be going really fast in the horizontal direction. And right now we don't
know how fast. And just using our kinematics
formula, this would have been a really tough formula. This would have been
difficult. I mean you could have attempted
it and it actually would have taken calculus
because the angle of the slope changes continuously. We don't even know the formula
for the angle of the slope. You would have had to break
it out into vectors. You would have to do all sorts
of complicated things. This would have been a nearly
impossible problem. But using energy, we can
actually figure out what the velocity of this object
is at this point. And we use the same idea. Here we have 100 joules
of potential energy. We just figured that out. Down here, what's the height
above the ground? Well the height is 0. So all the potential energy
has disappeared. And just like in the previous
situation, all of the potential energy is now
converted into kinetic energy. And so what is that kinetic
energy going to equal? It's going to be equal to the
initial potential energy. So here the kinetic energy
is equal to 100 joules. And that equals 1/2
mv squared, just like we just solved. And if you solve for v, the
mass is 1 kilogram. So the velocity in the
horizontal direction will be, if you solve for it, 14.1
meters per second. Instead of going straight down,
now it's going to be going in the horizontal
to the right. And the reason why I said it
was ice is because I wanted this to be frictionless and I
didn't want any energy lost to heat or anything like that. And you might say OK Sal, that's
kind of interesting. And you kind of got the same
number for the velocity than if I just dropped the object
straight down. And that's interesting. But what else can
this do for me? And this is where it's
really cool. Not only can I figure out the
velocity when all of the potential energy has
disappeared, but I can figure out the velocity of any
point-- and this is fascinating-- along
this slide. So let's say when the box is
sliding down here, so let's say the box is at this point. It changes colors
too as it falls. So this is the 1 kilogram
box, right? It falls and it slides
down here. And let's say at this point it's
height above the ground is 5 meters. So what's its potential
energy here? So let's just write something. All of the energy is
conserved, right? So the initial potential
energy plus the initial kinetic energy is equal to the
final potential energy plus the final kinetic energy. I'm just saying energy
is conserved here. Up here, what's the initial
total energy in the system? Well the potential energy is 100
and the kinetic energy is 0 because it's stationary. I haven't dropped it. I haven't let go of it yet. It's just stationary. So the initial energy is going
to be equal to 100 joules. That's cause this is
0 and this is 100. So the initial energy
is 100 joules. At this point right here, what's
the potential energy? Well we're 5 meters
up, so mass times gravity times height. Mass is 1, times gravity, 10
meters per second squared. Times height, times 5. So it's 50 joules. That's our potential energy
at this point. And then we must have some
kinetic energy with the velocity going roughly
in that direction. Plus our kinetic energy
at this point. And we know that no energy
was destroyed. It's just converted. So we know the total energy
still has to be 100 joules. So essentially what happened,
and if we solve for this-- it's very easy, subtract 50 from
both sides-- we know that the kinetic energy is
now also going to be equal to 50 joules. So what happened? Halfway down, essentially half
of the potential energy got converted to kinetic energy. And we can use this information
that the kinetic energy is 50 joules
to figure out the velocity at this point. 1/2 mv squared is equal to 50. The mass is 1. Multiply both sides by 2. You get v squared
is equal to 100. The velocity is 10 meters
per second along this crazy, icy slide. And that is something that I
would have challenged you to solve using traditional
kinematics formulas, especially considering that we
don't know really much about the surface of this slide. And even if we did, that would
have been a million times harder than just using the law
of conservation of energy and realizing that at this point,
half the potential energy is now kinetic energy and
it's going along the direction of the slide. I will see you in
the next video.