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Organic chemistry
Course: Organic chemistry > Unit 3
Lesson 1: Naming alkanes- Representing structures of organic molecules
- Naming simple alkanes
- Naming alkanes with alkyl groups
- Correction - 2-propylheptane should never be the name!
- Common and systematic naming: iso-, sec-, and tert- prefixes
- Naming alkanes with ethyl groups
- Alkane with isopropyl group
- Organic chemistry naming examples 2
- Organic chemistry naming examples 3
- Naming a cycloalkane
- Naming two isobutyl groups systematically
- Organic chemistry naming examples 4
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Alkane with isopropyl group
Naming conventions for alkane chains that have an isopropyl group branch. Created by Sal Khan.
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- could you have 1,1 dimethyl ethyl?(10 votes)
- If you mean 1,1-dimethylethane, then unfortunately not. Instead, it would be called 2-methylpropane(19 votes)
- At the minuteI cannot understand why the middle C of the propyl group is a secondary carbon: ok, it's a secondary carbon if I don't consider its bond with the main chain (DECANE)... So I don't have to consider the bond with the main chain? Always? 2:34(10 votes)
- It’s secondary carbon because it has two other carbons attached to it (other than the carbon of the backbone).
And no, u don’t have to consider the bond with the main chain.
Hope it helps:)(4 votes)
- Wait a sec: isn't he numbering the compound incorrectly? Shouldn't he start with 1 at the other end?(5 votes)
- He named it 5,6-diethyl-5-isopropyldecane. Numbering from the other end gives the name 5,6-diethyl-6-isopropyldecane. The second name is incorrect because at the first point of difference in the numbers, 6-isopropyl is a larger number than 5-isopropyl. 5-isopropyl is the correct option.(11 votes)
- I understand that you have to name them according to alphabetical order, but do you count the -di or -tri as well? For example in the video there was di-ethyl which was placed in front of methylethyl, but what if there was a a tri-ethyl group?(5 votes)
- The di- and tri- etc. don't count when arranging the substituents alphabetically. di-ethyl and tri-ethyl would both come before methylethyl.(3 votes)
- WHAT IS THE diff between iso and sec(4 votes)
- Iso is greek for "same", and sec is short for secondary. Secondary meaning a carbon is attached to two other carbons. So a sec- group would mean the alkyl group connects to the main carbon chain via a carbon that is secondary on that alkyl group (minus the carbon on the actual chain). An iso- group means the alkyl group has symmetry if you cut it in half. Like the right side of the alkyl group looks the same as the left. So the propyl group Sal did is unique in that it both names could be applied and be correct.
As an example something like a butyl group with four carbons would be different whether you has a sec- or iso- arrangement. Sec- butyl would have you connecting to the main carbon chain on the second carbon in the butyl group in which case you'd have a methyl group to one side of the connecting carbon and an ethyl group on the other side of it. Iso-butyl would have that same 'Y' shape the propyl group has in Sal's example, but would be one carbon longer connecting to the main chain.
Hope this helps.(6 votes)
- Just wondering why it's not called 5,6-diethyl-5(methylethyl)decane? As its an ethyl group the methyl group can only be in the 1st position (otherwise it's a propyl). So calling it 1-methylethyl seems redundant and with previous rules you leave it off.(4 votes)
- Yes, it is redundant in this case, but it isn't redundant for longer side-chains.
This is just one of those cases where you have to follow the rules despite the redundancy,(4 votes)
- is there a reason that Iso is looked at alphabetically while Sec and Tert are'nt. I don't understand why one is looked at and the others aren't when they are all common names...(2 votes)
- The reason is largely historical. Iso came first and became part of the name. As more compounds were discovered and new prefixes had to be invented, they stayed as prefixes.(5 votes)
- Sal said we count in the direction that reaches the greatest number of groups first; what if one group is on third carbon from one end and two groups is on fourth carbon from other direction?(2 votes)
- Sal didn't word that well, we are looking for the lowest number at the first point of difference, as 3 is lower than 4 this is what we choose..(5 votes)
- If, instead of the isopropyl substituent, there was a substituent of 5 or 7 or 9(and so on..) carbon atoms with the middle carbon atom connected to the main chain, would that mean that the substituent would be called isopentyl or isoheptyl or isononyl(and so on..)?(3 votes)
- If you had two ethyl groups at C-5, and one at C-7, with a methyl group at C-9, you would name the compound in the same way
As before, you pick out the longest continuous chain (10 C = decane).
Then you identify the substituents: you have three ethyls and a methyl.
Then you use numbers to locate the substituents. This time, you start counting from the right hand end, because that end is closest to a substituent (methyl).
The name of your compound becomes 4,6,6-triethyl-2-methyldecane.(2 votes)
- Can I write 5-(1-methyl ethyl)-5-6-diethyl decane as the compound name?(1 vote)
- Sal wrote the name without isopropyl at the end of the video: 5,6-diethyl-5-(1-methylethyl)decane
(remember the substituents need to be listed alphabetically in the name)(4 votes)
Video transcript
- [Instructor] Let's try
to name this molecule right over here. And so the first thing we wanna do is identify the longest chain of carbons. So let's see, it could be one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. Or, let's see, maybe it's one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10. Yes, indeed, that's the longest chain. And if you go one, two,
three, four, five, six, seven, or one, two, three,
four, five, six, seven. So those aren't the longest. So the longest one is this one. One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, 10, 10 carbons. And this is going to be an alkane, 'cause it's all single bonds. And an alkane that's
a chain of 10 carbons, we would use a prefix deck for 10. So this is a decane. Let me write that right over here. This is a decane, decane. Now, let's think about the groups that are attached to this decane. So we have this group right over here. This has two carbons in it, one carbon, two carbons. And so because it has two carbons, we would use the prefix eth. Remember, meth is one carbon. Eth is two carbons. And since it's a group, we're not talking about the backbone, this is an ethyl group. This is an ethyl group. And we have another ethyl
group right over here, two carbons attached right over here. This is also an ethyl group. And now this group right
over here is interesting. We can count the carbons in it. So it has one, two, three carbons. So you could think about,
well, this has three carbons. Our prefix for there carbons is prop. So you could say it maybe
this is a propyl group. This right over here. This right over here. You could say maybe
this is a propyl group. And you wouldn't be completely
off base by saying that. But we have to be a little bit
more careful when we name it, because a propyl group, you would assume that you're attaching to
one end of the propyl group. But we're not attaching to
one end of the propyl group. We're attaching essentially
to the second carbon, to the middle carbon. And this is a secondary carbon. The reason why it's
called a secondary carbon is because it's attached
to two other carbons. If it was attached to three other carbons, it would be a tertiary carbon. If it was attached to only one carbon, it would be a primary carbon. So you could call this, since we're attached to the secondary carbon right over here. This is sometimes called a sec, a sec-propyl group. A sec-propyl group. And it's also sometimes called iso-propyl, an isopropyl group. Isopropyl, and you'll
actually see isopropyl a little bit more frequently. And these would both be
referred to as common names, common names for this group. Now, if you wanted to
name this systematically, then you would do it very similar to the way you would
name the entire molecule. You would look for the longest chain here. And the longest chain in this molecule, starting with where you are attached, is a chain of two carbons, is a chain of two carbons. And so you could call, so that the backbone
right over here is ethyl, is, let me write this right over here, is ethyl, it's an ethyl backbone here. And then you could view
this carbon as a group attached to that ethyl backbone. And we would start counting, we would start counting
right where we're attached to the main chain. So this is the one carbon,
this is the two carbon. So this right over here, this
is just one carbon group. This right over here is an methyl group, or a methyl group, this is a methyl group. So you have a methyl group attached to the one carbon of an ethyl group. So the systematic name for this, and this is a little bit less typical for a group as small as a propyl group. But you could call this one methyl, one, one methyl, one methyl-ethyl, one methyl-ethyl is the
systematic name for this. Now, the systematic name, you might say, "Hey,
why go through the pain "of doing this for something so simple "that we could just call isopropyl." This is useful if this was a much larger or a much more complex
group that was attached to this main chain. But, more typically, and this is why it's
called the common name, you will see this thing right over here just called isopropyl. And sometimes you would
see it called sec-propyl or even S-propyl. Now that we've named all of the groups, let's think about what
carbons they are attached to and where we can start counting from. And the way that this is done is that you would start counting from the end of your carbon chain, your main, kind of this decane backbone. And you would count from the end that bumps into the most groups faster. So, for example, if you
count from this end, this would be the one carbon, two carbon, three carbon,
four carbon, five carbon. On the five carbon, we
bump into two groups. If we started over here, this would be the one carbon,
two carbon, three carbon, four carbon, five carbon. On the five carbon, we
do bump into a group, but only one group. And we'd have to wait
until the sixth carbon to bump into two groups. So we get to the two groups faster, we would start counting on this end. So this is the one carbon, two carbon, three carbon, four carbon,
five carbon, six carbon, seven carbon, eight, nine and 10 carbon. And so when we think about which groups are we going to refer to first, do we refer to the ethyl groups first or do we refer to this
isopropyl group first? We just think about what
letter they start with in alphabetical order. So, for example, these ethyl groups, they clearly start with an E. They clearly start with an E. E comes before in the alphabet
than the I in isopropyl before the P in sec-propyl. You would normally ignore
the sec or the tert when you're thinking
about alphabetical order. And E also comes before
the M in methyl-ethyl. So we will talk about
the ethyl groups first. So, remember, our backbone, 10 carbons, all single bonds. It's an alkane, since there's
10 of 'em it is decane. And so let's talk about the ethyls first. And since we had two ethyls we can say that this is diethyl. So let me write that down. So we can write diethyl, diethyl. And, of course, we need to specify where those two ethyls are. One is at the five carbon, one is at the sixth carbon. So we could call this
five, five, six, diethyl. The five refers to this ethyl group. Six refers to this ethyl group. And now we could talk
about the isopropyl group. The isopropyl group is
also on the five carbon. So we could say five, six diethyl, five, five isopropyl. Isopropyl, isopropyl, decane. Or, if wanted to use sec-propyl instead of isopropyl, we
could write sec-propyl here. Or if want to do the systematic naming we could call this five, comma, six, di, diethyl. Five, instead of writing isopropyl here we could write all of this,
one methyl-ethyl here. So actually let me just
copy and paste that. Let me just copy this one
methyl-ethyl right over here. Copy and paste. Let me stick that there. One methyl ethyl. And, of course, the
main backbone is decane. Decane, decane. So either one, all of these, are reasonable ways to name it. This would be the common way where we use isopropyl. Here, we're doing it more systematically by calling it group one methyl-ethyl.