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Course: UP Class 11 Physics > Unit 3
Lesson 3: Kinematic equations for uniformly accelerated motion- Choosing kinematic equations
- Choosing the best kinematic equation
- Using equations of motion (1 step numerical)
- Using equations of motion (2 steps numerical)
- Kinematic equations: calculations
- Free fall - 2 body solved numerical
- Solving freefall problems using kinematic formulas
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Using equations of motion (1 step numerical)
In this video, we will solve 2 numerical on uniformly accelerated motion by using the three equations of motion (kinematic equations) v = u+at, s = ut + 1/2 at^2 and v^2 = u^2+2asWe will calculate the time taken in the first numerical and distance in another. Created by Mahesh Shenoy.
Want to join the conversation?
- please explain how 25 came(6 votes)
- I did not get the answer to the second question.(3 votes)
- At3:43he says that negative acceleration and deceleration are the same. Is this true? If an object is moving towards the left (in a coordinate plane where right is positive) and is speeding up, then his acceleration would be negative, but it wouldn’t be decelerating.(1 vote)
- Deceleration is the term for slowing down. If Acceleration is marked in the left of zero/negative side, it doesn't mean that the object is travelling towards left. But when displacement or velocity is marked in the left/negative direction it means the object is moving toward the left. By the way mostly people don't mark accelerations like that. They mark acceleration in velocity - time graphs. Direction matters but whatsoever the direction is, if an object is slowing down then it is deceleration and if it is speeding up then it is acceleration.(5 votes)
- At6:07shifting the 1/2 to the left hand side and at time7:13shifting 5m/s^2 to the left hand side does not make any difference. Then why is that i should not shift and only multiply or divide accordingly?(3 votes)
- why do we assume that the right side is positive?(1 vote)
- It's mostly because most of us 're right handed people. So, generally we write (In many languages) towards the right and that is just our brains tendency to do so. By the left hand is not considered very auspicious, especially in India, etc. So as humans evolved they started considering the left side to be a negative one(4 votes)
- at11:06i could not convince my self that S=25.Any help?(2 votes)
- why can't we use a= v(final) - v (initial) / time(2 votes)
- In the first question, I calculated the final velocity by doing velocity = displacement/time = 50m/s. And I used the first equation, but I got the same answer. Will that make any difference?(2 votes)
- since the object is accelerating uniformly and you're interested in the final velocity over the entire time interval, either method will give you the correct result, which is a final velocity of 50 m/s. So, your calculation using the final velocity formula is also correct and does not make any difference in this case(1 vote)
- How did he get s=25?(2 votes)
- I thought the equations of motion are 4 and not 3. Could you please clarify whether there are 3 or 4 equations of motion?(2 votes)
Video transcript
- [Instructor] Let's solve two problems on accelerated motion. Here's the first one. A cheetah starts from rest
and accelerates uniformly at five meters per second
squared for 250 meters. Calculate the time it takes
to cover this distance. So, let's think about what's given to us. And you know what? It always help to draw
a diagram, so let's see. There's cheetah involved. So let's say here's our cheetah. This thing is our cheetah. And it's given that the
cheetah starts from rest. So let's say this is our
cheetah initially at rest. And accelerates uniformly at
five meters per second squared. So it starts running,
maybe, and it speeds up and so its acceleration is given to us as five meters per second squared. And it does that for 250 meters. So let's say it's running
towards the right. A little later it would have
come somewhere over here and now it's a little fast. And let's say this distance
is that 250 meters. We need to calculate the time it takes to cover this distance. So, how long does our cheetah take to go from here to here? That is the question. How much time? Now, my initial thoughts would be can I just go ahead and use the formula speed equals distance over time? This is the first thing
that comes to my mind when you're talking about
speed and distance and time. So, can I use this to
calculate time is the question. And the answer is no, I can't. The reason I can't use this
is because this is only useful if speed was a constant. If speed was a constant number. But notice in our example the speed is continuously changing. In this case the speed is increasing because the cheetah is accelerating. It doesn't have a single speed. And since the speed,
this number is changing what number would you put over here to calculate distance and time? You can't, right? So this formula is only useful
if this speed is a constant, then you can put some number here. But if the speed is changing, well, we can't use this formula. So, what to do? How do I calculate the time? Well, we're in luck because we're talking about
acceleration uniformly. And you've seen before, whenever the acceleration
is a constant uniform, whenever the acceleration does not change, it's the same over the entire stretch. Then we have three equations of motion where V is the final velocity . U is the initial velocity. A is acceleration. T is time and S is the displacement. Now, if you're not familiar
with these equations then we have talked a lot about them. Even derived them in previous videos. So, you know what? It will be a good idea to go
back and watch that video. You can refer to that. But these three equations will work whenever our objects are going at constant acceleration. So, you know what we'll do? We'll just think about
which of these variables are given to us and then we will see which equation we can
use to calculate time. So let's think about this. We know that in this entire stretch the cheetah starts from rest. So, we know it's initial velocity: zero. Because it's at rest. U represents the initial
velocity, so we know U is zero. We also know the acceleration. The acceleration is five
meters per second squared. The only thing to be careful
about the acceleration is it can be both positive and negative. Whenever the speed is increasing, we say it's positive and
when the speed is decreasing we will say the acceleration is negative. And so here, since the
speed is increasing, it's a positive five. Okay, what else do we know? We know that displacement S. We know that S is 250 meters. And I think that's about it, right? That's all that's given. U, S and A. That's it. And we are asked to calculate what T is. So now, given these three things, we can go to our equation
list and think about which equation to choose
to calculate what T is. So, can you try this one yourself first? Go ahead, give it a shot! Pause the video and see
which of these equations you choose to figure out what T is. Give it a shot. All right, let's see. If you look at the first
equation, there's a T in it. So we can use that
equation to calculate T. But the problem is there's also V. That's the final velocity. The velocity over here and that's not mentioned to us. We're not given that number, and so because V's also not given, we can't use that equation. Let's look at the second one. We have T in it, so that's good because we want to calculate T. We have S, which is given to us. We have U, which we know. We also have A, which we know. So, you know what? We can go ahead and use this equation. Let's check out the third one. The third equation
doesn't even have T in it. So this is useless for us, right? Because there is no T. What's the point? And so we have a winner! We can use S equal to U
T plus half A T square and see what T is. So, if we substitute, S is 250 meters. That equals U, which is zero. So this part becomes zero. Plus half. Times A which is 5 meters
per second squared. I usually like to put in the units so that we will get the
answer with the units. So five meters per second
squared into T squared. And now, to calculate T square, we just have to do some Algebra. So again, if you've not done this before, good idea to pause the video and see if you can do this Algebra and figure out what T is. All right, let's do this. Since I want what T is, I need
to get rid of these things. Now, you know earlier what I should do? I should think that, you know, to get rid of this say
two in the denominator, I have to shift this up to the left. But that's not how Algebra works. Here's how the Algebra works. To get rid of this two, because
it's in the denominator, I will multiply by two on the right side and also multiply by two on the left side. Now that I've multiplied this two and two, it's canceled. And that's how there's a two
that ends up on the left side. It's not that the two got shifted up, this is how it works. There's no shifting business, okay? All right. So anyways, once we multiple we get now two times 250 is 500. So this becomes 500 meters. Equals... this two is gone. Five meters per second
squared times T squared. And now again, I need to get rid of five
meters per second squared. Again, there is no shifting. We don't shift. Now what we do is, because
this five's in the numerator, and I want to get rid of this, I divide by 5 meters per second square on the right hand side. And, of course, if I do
that on the right-hand side, I should also do it on the left-hand side. And again notice this cancels out. And now I'm left only with T squared. That's what I wanted. So, let me write that T
squared to the right side. So, let me write it over here. So, T squared equals... let's see what we end up with over here. So 500 divided by 5. The five cancels and we get 100. Five goes one time and you get 100. So, T squared becomes hundred. And let's see what happens with units. Be careful with the units. There's a meter here and there's a meter in the denominator that cancels. And we have one over second
square in the denominator that ends up being second
squared in the numerator. You can just pause and just check that. And so anyways, we end up with this and now since you want
to calculate what T is, well there's a square, so we can take square root on both sides. So if we take square root on both sides, we will get T equals square root of 10. 100 is 10, square root of S squared is S. So, there we have it. That's our answer. So, this means the cheetah took 10 seconds to cover that distance of 250 meters. Let's do one more. Can you first read this question and try to solve this all by yourself? Again, pause the video and give it a shot. All right, let's see. A train moving at 20 meters per second. So, let's quickly draw this as we read. So you imagine here's our train. And this train is already
moving, let's add this way, at 20 meters per second. Brakes and decelerates uniformly at eight meters per second squared. So, it's braking. It's slowing down. And so there's a deceleration and that number is 8
meters per second squared. So, it's decelerating at this rate. And whenever things are decelerating, we say that it has a
negative acceleration. Okay? So it's slowing down. How much distance does it
travel before coming to a stop? So, as it slows down, let's say, imagine a station has arrived. A slows down, slows down, slows down. Eventually, it'll stop right? Somewhere over here let's say it stops. So, it comes to rest. The question now is how
much distance does it travel before coming to a stop. So we need to calculate what this is. How far does it travel? And that's S for us. Okay. So, how do we do this? Same thing. It's a uniform acceleration. It's deceleration, but
the point is it's uniform, so we can use one of these equations. So, let's see what's given. We know the initial velocity because we know initially
it's at 20 meters per second. So, that's twenty. We know the accelration:A. That's minus eight meters
per second squared. What else is given? We know finally it comes to rest. So that means we know it's
final velocity this time. That's zero. And we have to calculate what S is. Again, you know the drill. Pause the video. See which equation you would
choose to figure S out. All right, let's look at this. The first equation is useless because it has no S in it. The second equation, although it has S, it also has a T. Which is not given to us,
we don't know the time. And so this is useless. The third equation has a V which is good. U which is good. A which is good and S,
we want to find out. Yay, we have our winner! The third equation! So again, we have to just substitute. V is zero, so V squared is also zero. Equals U squared. Let's use the same color. Twenty meters per second
the whole squared. Plus two times A. We have to be careful! It's negative eight meters
per second squared times S. And I'm pretty sure you can do
the Algebra yourself, right? So, you're gonna again pause
the video and do the Algebra and just to save time, I'll
just tell you what you get. If you do the Algebra, you end
up with S equals 25 meters. So, go ahead. Try this on your own. Convince yourself that you
actually get 25 meters. And this means the
train traveled 25 meters before coming to a stop. And so the important thing, is that whenever we are given the objects are accelerating or
decelerating uniformly, in such cases we cannot use this formula: speed equals distance by time because the speed is
continuously changing. But we can use one of
these three equations. So, we'll figure out what is
asked, what is given to us and then choose what equation to use.